Перевод: со всех языков на русский

с русского на все языки

maximum economy

Толкование Перевод

1 maximum economy

Экономика: максимальная экономия

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > maximum economy
2 maximum economy

максимальная экономия

English-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > maximum economy
3 maximum economy

максимальная экономия

English-russian dctionary of diplomacy > maximum economy
4 economy

n

1) хозяйство, экономика

2) экономия, бережливость

3) ( economies) экономия, сбережения

4) экономическая целесообразность

- advanced economy
- agricultural economy
- atomistic economy
- backward economy
- barter economy
- black economy
- burgeoning informal economy
- business economy
- capitalist economy
- cash economy
- city economy
- closed economy
- command economy
- commercial economy
- commodity economy
- competitive economies
- controlled economy
- decentralized exchange economy
- defence economy
- dependent economy
- developed economy
- developing economy
- dire economy
- directed economy
- diversified economy
- domestic economy
- engineering economy
- exchange economy
- external economies
- farm economy
- free enterprise economy
- global economy
- grain economy
- home economy
- industrial economy
- integrated economy
- internal economies
- international economy
- local economies
- managed economy
- market economy
- market-directed economy
- market-driven economy
- mature economy
- maximum economy
- military economy
- mixed economy
- multi-branch economy
- municipal economy
- national economy
- natural economy
- open economy
- payable economy
- paying economy
- planned economy
- political economy
- profitable economy
- rigid economy
- rural economy
- scale economies
- self-subsistent peasant economy
- shadow economy
- sick economy
- single crop economy
- stable economy
- stagnant economy
- stationary economy
- steady economy
- struggling economies
- thriving economy
- transition economy
- underground economy
- unstable economy
- well-balanced economy
- world economy
- economy of abundance
- economy of funds
- economies of regions
- economies of scale
- economy of scarcity
- economies of scope
- economy of space
- economy of time
- boost the economy
- ensure economy
- introduce economies
- promote the regional economy
- regenerate the economy
- reorganize the economy
- restruct the economy
- restructure the economy
- revitalize the economy
- revive the economy

English-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > economy
5 economy

1) хозяйство, экономика

2) экономия, бережливость

3) сбережения

•

- advanced economy

- backward economy

- barter economy

- controlled economy

- dependent economy

- developed economy

- developing economy

- directed economy

- diversified economy

- free enterprise economy

- global economy

- internal economies

- international economy

- local economies

- managed economy

- market economy

- mature economy

- maximum economy

- mixed economy

- multi-branch economy

- municipal economy

- national economy

- open economy

- planned economy

- political economy

- profitable economy

- rigid economy

- scale economies

- shadow economy

- sick economy

- stable economy

- stagnant economy

- struggling economies

- thriving economy

- transition economy

- underground economy

- unstable economy

- well-balanced economy

- world economy

- economy of abundance

- economies of scale

- economy of scarcity

- economies of regions

- economy of space

- economy of time

- ail the economy

- boost the economy

- ensure economy

- promote the regional economy

- diversify the economy

- prop up the weakened economy

- regenerate the economy

- reorganize the economy

- rescue the economy

- restructure the economy

- revitalize the economy

- revive the economy

English-russian dctionary of diplomacy > economy
6 speed

скорость; число оборотов; ускорять

allow the speed to settle — давать скорости установиться

at a speed of Mach 3 — при скорости, соответствующей числу М=3

best (cost) cruising speed — наивыгоднейшая [экономическая] крейсерская скорость полёта

best flap retraction speed — оптимальная скорость при уборке закрылков

best range cruise speed — крейсерская скорость полёта на максимальную дальность

clean (configuration) stall speed — скорость срыва [сваливания] при убранных механизации и шасси

critical engine failure speed — скорость в момент отказа критического двигателя

drag chute deployment speed — скорость безопасного раскрытия тормозного парашюта

engine-out discontinued approach speed — скорость ухода на второй круг с минимальной высоты при одном неработающем двигателе

flap(-down, -extended) speed — скорость полёта с выпущенными [отклонёнными] закрылками

formation maneuver entry speed — скорость в начале группового маневра

forward с.g. stalling speed — скорость срыва [сваливания] при передней центровке

gas generator compressor speed — число оборотов ротора компрессора (турбовального двигателя)

hold the speed down — уменьшать [гасить] скорость

landing gear extended speed — скорость полёта с выпущенным шасси

landing gear limit speed — предельно допустимая скорость полёта с выпущенным шасси

landing gear operating speed — скорость полёта при выпуске и уборке шасси

landing gear retraction speed — предельно допустимая скорость при уборке шасси

local speed of sound — местная скорость звука

Mach 1-plus speed — сверхзвуковая скорость полёта

maximum gear extension speed — максимально допустимая скорость полёта при выпуске шасси

maximum glide distance speed — скорость планирования на режиме максимальной дальности

military thrust climb speed — скорость набора высоты на боевом режиме (работы двигателей)

minimum rate of descent speed — скорость полёта с наименьшей вертикальной скоростью снижения

minimum single-engine control speed — минимальная эволютивная скорость полёта с одним (работающим) двигателем (из двух)

minimum speedln a stall — минимальная скорость срыва [сваливания]

one-engine-inoperative power-on stalling speed — скорость срыва [сваливания] при одном отказавшем двигателе

overshoot the lift-off speed — превышать скорость отрыва

rearward с.g. stalling speed — скорость срыва [сваливания] при задней центровке

representative cruising air speed — типовая крейсерская воздушная скорость, скорость полёта на типичном крейсерском режиме

speed of remote targeting — быстрота дистанционного наведения на цель

speed over the top — скорость в верхней точке (траектории, маневра)

usable maximum level speed — практически используемая максимальная скорость горизонтального полёта

zero rate of climb speed — скорость полёта при нулевой скороподъёмности [вертикальной скорости]

— abort speed

— accelerated stall speed

— acceleration check speed

— acoustic speed

— air speed

— all-burnt speed

— all-engine-enroute-climb speed

— all-out level speed

— allowable flutter speed

— angular speed

— approach speed

— aquaplaning speed

— automatic-pilot speed

— axial-flow speed

— backward speed

— balked landing speed

— baseleg speed

— be on speed

— best climbing speed

— best flare speed

— best glide speed

— block-to-block speed

— brakes-on speed

— burned speed

— burnout speed

— calculated speed

— calibrated air speed

— calibrated stalling speed

— catapulting speed

— choking speed

— chute-deployment speed

— circuit speed

— circular speed

— claimed speed

— climb schedule speeds

— climbing speed

— climbout speed

— closing speed

— coasting speed

— combat speed

— combined speed

— commencing speed

— compressor speed

— computed speed

— contact speed

— control reversal speed

— control speed

— conversion speed

— corrected speed

— critical escape speed

— critical flutter speed

— critical speed

— cross-shaft speed

— cruising speed

— cut the speed

— cut-in speed

— dash speed

— decision speed

— delivery drop speed

— departure speed

— designated speed

— discontinued approach speed

— diving speed

— Doppler ground speed

— downwind speed

— dropping speed

— economy cruise speed

— ejection speed

— end speed

— engagement speed

— engine shaft speed

— engine speed

— en-route speed

— entry speed

— escape speed

— estimated speed

— evacuation speed

— excessive speed

— exit speed

— falling speed

— ferrying speed

— film speed

— final approach speed

— final climbout speed

— final leg speed

— final speed

— first buffet speed

— flame speed

— flap limiting speed

— flap-up speed

— flare speed

— flight idling speed

— flight speed

— flutter onset speed

— flying speed

— forward speed

— free-stream speed

— fuel cut-off speed

— full-flap stalling speed

— full-stall speed

— gain speed

— gather speed

— gathering speed

— gear-down speed

— geostrophic wind speed

— getaway speed

— glide speed

— glide-slope speed

— go/no-go speed

— governed speed

— gradient wind speed

— ground speed

— ground-attack speed

— gust penetration speed

— gust speed

— halfways speed

— handbook speed

— handling speed

— high-altitude speed

— high-Mach speed

— high-speed cruise speed

— hit the speed

— holding pattern speed

— horizontal speed

— hump speed

— hydroplaning speed

— hypersonic speed

— idle speed

— idling speed

— impact speed

— indicated air speed

— initial climbout speed

— input speed

— landing approach speed

— landing climb speed

— landing pattern speed

— landing reference speed

— landing speed

— landing stall speed

— landing threshold speed

— lateral speed

— launching speed

— level-flight speed

— lg stall speed

— lift-off speed

— limit tire speed

— loitering speed

— long-range cruise speed

— lose speed

— low-altitude speed

— low-level speed

— lunar-return speed

— maintain the speed

— maneuvering speed

— maximum aero-tow speed

— maximum performance speed

— maximum tire speed

— maximum tyre speed

— minimum autorotation speed

— minimum drag speed

— minimum unstick speed

— minimum-run landing speed

— missile-to-target speed

— mixed speed

— near-orbital speed

— near-sonic speed

— never-exceed speed

— nonuniform speed

— nose lift-off speed

— nozzle-rotating speed

— on-the-deck speed

— operating speed

— optimum climbing speed

— orbital speed

— outbound speed

— output speed

— over-the-fence speed

— patrol ling speed

— pattern speed

— perigee speed

— peripheral speed

— pick up speed

— pitch speed

— placard speed

— play speed

— power-off speed

— power-on speed

— power-unit failure speed

— predicted speed

— prior-to-flare speed

— processing speed

— propagation speed

— propeller speed

— pump speed

— pumping speed

— push the speed

— radar track speed

— ramjet takeover speed

— rated speed

— reading speed

— rearward speed

— recording speed

— recover speed

— recovery speed

— rectified air speed

— red-line speed

— reentry speed

— reference speed

— reference touch-down speed

— refueling speed

— refusal speed

— regain speed

— regather speed

— relative speed

— release speed

— replay speed

— response speed

— return speed

— rolling speed

— rotation speed

— rotational speed

— rotor speed

— rotor-tip speed

— rough-air penetration speed

— rough-air speed

— rudder effective speed

— run speed

— safe speed

— screen speed

— sea level speed

— second cosmic speed

— self-propelled speed

— short landing speed

— short takeoff speed

— sideward speed

— sidewise speed

— sinking speed

— sliding speed

— sonic speed

— specific speed

— specified speed

— speed of projection

— speed of retraction

— speed on go-around

— speed on separation

— speed on-the-deck

— speed under power

— speed up

— speeds at transition

— spinup speed

— stabilized idle speed

— stable flying speed

— stage speed

— stalling speed

— stall-warning speed

— steady-state speed

— straight-ahead stalling speed

— structural design speed

— structural limit speed

— suborbital speed

— subsonic speed

— super satellite speed

— supersonic speed

— sustained speed

— tail rotor speed

— takeoff climb speed

— takeoff ground speed

— takeoff rotor speed

— takeoff safety speed

— takeoff speed

— tape speed

— target speed

— taxiing speed

— terminal speed

— threshold control speed

— threshold speed

— tip speed

— tire limit speed

— tire spinup speed

— top speed

— touchdown sinking speed

— touchdown speed

— transition speed

— translational speed

— transonic speed

— trim speed

— trimmed speed

— trimming speed

— triple-sonic speed

— true air speed

— turbine speed

— turbine windmillingspeed

— turbulence penetration speed

— two-engine speed

— undercarriage placard speed

— unpowered rotor speed

— unreeling speed

— unstick speed

— unwinding speed

— vacuum speed

— vertical speed

— whirling speed

— winch-launching speed

— windmilling speed

— wind-over-the-deck speed

Englsh-Russian aviation and space dictionary > speed
7 principle

принцип; закономерность; закон

- principle of delegated authority

- principle of equal likelihood

- principle of equity

- principle of least utility

- principle of material incentive

- principle of maximum likelihood

- principle of motion economy

- principle of one-man management

- principle of pecuniary self-interest

- principle of point estimation

- principles of political economy

- principle of stochastic balance

- principle of sufficiency

- principle of unbiasedness

- principle of zero utility

- acceleration principle

- averaging principle

- causal principle

- ceiling principle

- compensation principle

- design principles

- dominance principle

- duality principle

- equal and proportional sacrifice principle

- equimarginal principle

- exception principle

- first-in-first-out principle

- first-in-last-out principle

- floor principle

- fluctuating principle

- generally accepted accounting principles

- hedonistic principle

- matching principle

- maximum principle

- minimax principle

- minimum principle

- rating principles

Англо-русский словарь по экономике и финансам > principle
8 area

район; округ; площадь; участок; зона; область; пространство; категория ( действий); см. тж. ground; zone

booster (engine) disposal area — ркт. район сброса [падения] стартовых двигателей [(ракетных) ускорителей]

booster (engine) impact area — ркт. район сброса [падения] стартовых двигателей [(ракетных) ускорителей]

close-in (combat) training area — (учебное) поле для отработки приемов ведения ближнего боя

missile (site) support area — техническая позиция ракет

no entry area (nuclear) — запретный (для своих войск) район (район ЯВ)

radar (target) acquisition area — зона РЛ целеуказания

simulated (radioactive) contamination area — ложный [имитируемый] участок (радиоактивного) заражения

— acoustic shadow area

— actions area

— adjoining sea area

— administrative area

— advisory area

— air covered area

— air defended area

— air defense action area

— air defense area

— air defense engagement area

— air defense operations area

— air defense restricted area

— air defense warfare area

— air drop area

— air landing area

— air materiel area

— air objective area

— air refueling area

— air target area

— airborne alert area

— airborne area of operation

— airborne objective area

— aircraft dispersal area

— aircraft exclusion area

— aircraft loading area

— airhead maintenance area

— airmobile marshaling area

— airspace coordination area

— airspace danger area

— airspace warning area

— alert area

— alighting area

— alternate assembly area

— alternate deployment area

— ammunition upload area

— amphibious objective area

— amphibious tactical deployment area

— amphibious training area

— amphibious vehicle launching area

— antisubmarine screening area

— approach area

— approach passable area

— aptitude area

— area in defilade

— area of immediate contamination

— area of influence

— area of interest

— area of military significant fallout

— area of northern operations

— area of observation

— area of operational interest

— area of operations

— area of reduction

— area of responsibility

— area of strategic importance

— area of war

— armor killing area

— armor training area

— army area

— army crossing area

— army service area

— army support area

— artillery position area

— assault area

— assembly and arming area

— assembly and service area

— assembly and test area

— assembly area

— ASW patrol area

— athletic area

— attack area

— attrition area

— aviation support area

— bacteriologically contaminated area

— barrier area

— base area

— battalion area

— battalion crossing area

— battalion rear area

— battalion task force area

— battle area

— beach area

— beach maintenance area

— beach support area

— beach transit area

— billeting area

— biologically contaminated area

— blast area

— blast damage area

— block-type construction area

— boat assembly area

— booby-trap demonstration area

— breakthrough area

— bridge preassembly area

— brigade area

— brigade defensive area

— British Forces Maintenance area

— built-up area

— burst area

— cantonment area

— cargo assembly area

— casualty area

— catchment area

— centralized storage area

— checkout area

— chemically contaminated area

— city combat training area

— civil affairs area

— clandestine assembly area

— classified conference area

— clean area

— close fire support area

— cluster warhead submunition dispersal area

— coastal support area

— collecting area

— comb an area

— combat area

— combat patrolling area

— combat service support area

— command area

— communications area

— community area

— compact built-up area

— company defense area

— complex target area

— concentration area

— contact area

— contaminated air propagation area

— contamination area

— contingency A area

— contingency area

— control area

— controlled firing area

— convoy assembly area

— convoy marshaling area

— core area

— corps area

— corps service area

— corps storage area

— corps support area

— coverage area

— covering force area

— crisis area

— critical target area

— crossing area

— cushion area

— damage area

— dangerous area

— dead area

— debarkation area

— decisive area

— decontamination area

— defense area

— defensive area

— defensive coastal area

— defensive sea area

— delaying operations area

— delineate areas

— delivery area

— demilitarize an area

— demonstration test area

— denial area

— denial objects area

— denied area

— departure area

— dependent housing area

— dependent-restricted overseas area

— deplaning area

— deployment area

— detraining area

— detrucking area

— direct air support area

— direct fire engagement area

— dirty area

— disaster area

— disembarkation area

— disengagement area

— dispersal area

— dispersal parking area

— dispersion area

— displaced persons and refugee assembly area

— display area

— distant support target area

— distribution area

— division air support area

— division area

— division crossing area

— division support area

— divisional administrative area

— divisional maintenance area

— dropping area

— dummy area

— dummy assembly area

— dummy defensive area

— duty area

— early warning area

— economy-of-force area

— effective area

— effective beaten area

— effective disease area

— effective fire area

— effective landing area

— effective lethal area

— effective reflective area

— effects area

— embarkation area

— emergency area

— EMP destructive effects area

— employment area

— enemy area

— engagement area

— entraining area

— entrucking area

— equivalent target area

— estimated casualty area

— evacuation area

— exclusion area

— exercise area

— exit passable area

— expected areas of casualty density

— explosives area

— expulsion area

— extreme forward combat area

— FA service area

— fallout area

— farthest forward area

— fatal area

— field exercise area

— field firing area

— field gun area

— fighting area

— final assembly area before crossing

— final assembly area for attack

— fire area

— fire contact area

— fire control area

— fire coordination area

— fire support area

— firing area

— firing position area

— first echelon area of responsibility

— flank area

— fleet basing area

— floating dump area

— force maintenance area

— forces separation area

— forming-up area

— fortified area

— forward airhead maintenance area

— forward area

— forward assembly area

— forward battle area

— forward bridge preassembly area

— forward brigade administrative area

— forward combat area

— forward concentration area

— forward defense area

— forward defensive area

— forward echelon area of responsibility

— forward maintenance area

— forward staging area

— free drop supplies recovery area

— free fire area

— frontier area

— fuel storage area

— full radiological exclusion area

— functional area

— garrison area

— garrison training area

— gas-contaminated area

— general position area

— greatest intelligence productivity area

— ground training area

— ground zero area

— guidance and control area

— guidance area

— gun area

— gun-defended area

— gunnery training area

— halt area

— hardened storage area

— hazard area

— helicopter assembly area

— helicopter liftout area

— helicopter transport area

— helicopter-launching area

— hidden area

— hide area

— high fallout/no blast area

— high jamming area

— high risk area

— high threat area

— high-rise area

— hitting area

— holding area

— hookup area

— hostile fire area

— hostile launch antipodal area

— hot area

— hot-pad area

— IGBM defense deployment area

— impact area

— inactive area

— infiltration area

— initial assembly area

— inner rendezvous area

— inner transport area

— integrated lethal area

— intensified fire area

— interdiction area

— intermediate assembly area

— intermediate staging area

— intervention area

— inundation area

— jamming area

— joint security area

— jump area

— jungle training area

— killing area

— laager site area

— land impact area

— landing area

— landing ship area

— landing-attractive area

— landing-inviting area

— large dispersed aerosol contamination area

— launch base area

— launch control area

— launcher deployment area

— launching area

— lethality area

— light damage area

— light rescue area

— limited access area

— limited forces area

— limited radiological exclusion area

— lines of communication area

— liquid-contaminated area

— loading area

— local dispersal area

— local training area

— lodgement area

— loitering area

— long tour area

— low-threat area

— main battle area

— main defense area

— main defensive area

— main fighting area

— main support area

— maintenance area

— major built-up area

— major target area

— major training area

— maneuver area

— maneuver rights area

— maritime exclusion area

— marshaling area

— material balance area

— mating area

— maximum efforts application area

— maximum security area

— maximum supporting fires area

— maximum vulnerability area

— mess area

— metropolitan defense area

— military area

— mine warfare area

— mined area

— minor support area

— missile assembly and arming area

— missile checkout area

— missile defended area

— missile dispersion area

— missile hold area

— missile shadow area

— missile transfer area

— mission area

— mobilization area

— moderate damage area

— moderately contaminated area

— mortar area

— MOS area

— motor maintenance area

— mountain warfare training area

— mounting area

— movement control area

— multiple assembly area

— multiple contamination area

— NATO Early Warning area

— NATO guidelines area

— naval area

— naval support area

— NBC area of observation

— NBC contaminated area

— no fire area

— no go area

— non-deployment area

— nonvital area

— normal ground training area

— nuclear area

— nuclear deployment area

— nuclear effects area

— nuclear killing area

— nuclear safety area

— nuclear target area

— nuclear-powered BM submarine patrol area

— objective area

— obstructions area

— OP compound area

— open skin areas

— operating area

— operational area

— operational defensive area

— operations area

— opposition area

— optimum engagement area

— orbit area

— ordnance area

— outer transport area

— out-of-fire contact area

— outpost area

— overlap area

— overlapping nuclear package area

— overseas staging area

— patrolling area

— penetration area

— peripheral responsibility area

— personnel procurement area

— petroleum area

— phoney area

— phoney contaminated area

— plans area

— POL area

— POL hardened storage area

— port staging area

— position area

— possible hostile area

— post-decontamination area

— potential battle area

— potential kill area

— potential launch area

— preference service area

— preinvestigation holding area

— prelaunch area

— primary engagement area

— production area

— PW holding area

— radar detection area

— radar surveillance area

— radar warning area

— radioactive contamination area

— radiological area

— radiological exclusion area

— rallying area

— readiness area

— rear area

— rear assembly area

— rear defense area

— rear maintenance area

— rearming and turnaround area

— rearward area

— reception area

— reconnaissance area

— reconstitution area

— recovery area

— recreation area

— regiment defensive area

— regrouping area

— reinforcement assembly area

— reloading area

— rendezvous area

— reserve area

— residual radiation area

— resistance area

— rest area

— restricted area

— restricted fire area

— risk area

— riverine area

— round-up area

— safe area

— SAM launching area

— SAM target destruction area

— satellite intercept rendezvous area

— saturation fire area

— scattering area

— scouting area

— sea echelon area

— sealed area

— search area

— secondary target area

— security area

— sensitive area

— service area

— set-down area

— severe damage area

— shell swept area

— shelter area

— ship dispersal area

— site area

— small ozone-depleted area

— smoke-blanketed area

— Sovereign Base area

— special area

— special obstructions area

— specialist area

— spotting area

— stabilized area

— staging area

— standby area

— stand-down area

— static display area

— station area

— sterile area

— storage area

— strategic area

— strategic missile support area

— striking force area

— strip area

— submarine patrol area

— subsurface sea area

— supply and service area

— supply area

— support area

— surface area

— surveillance area

— suspected assembly area

— tactical area of responsibility

— tactical area

— tactical assembly area

— tactical battle area

— tactical defensive area

— tank rallying area

— tank training area

— tank water-tightening area

— tankproof area

— target acquisition area

— target area

— target engagement area

— target probable location area

— target transfer area

— test area

— thinly defended area

— threatened area

— track initiation area

— training area

— trains area

— transfer area

— transit area

— transport area

— transport assembly area

— underdeveloped area

— undermanned area

— unloading area

— unorganized area

— unrestricted area

— uploading area

— urban area

— vehicle dispersal area

— vehicle driving water area

— vehicle processing area

— vehicle staging area

— vehicle standby area

— vital air defense area

— vital area

— waiting area

— walk-out area

— warfare area

— water fording area

— water impact area

— water training area

— white area

— yellow area

— zone of communications forward area

— zone of communications rear area

English-Russian military dictionary > area
9 rating

номинальная [паспортная] мощность [производительность]; дв. номинальная тяга; номинальное значение; категория; балл; оценка; параметр; нормирование; классификация

currently effective aeronautical rating — действующая категория лётно-подъёмного состава

fatigue rating (of material) — усталостная прочность (материала), прочность при знакопеременных нагрузках

— accuracy rating

— aeronautical rating

— airline transport rating

— antiknock rating

— augmented rating

— average fleet rating

— best economy rating

— certificated engine rating

— climb power rating

— combat rating

— command-pilot rating

— contact rating

— continuous rating

— cruise rating

— dry thrust rating

— economical cruising rating

— emergency rating

— engine power rating

— fire-resistance rating

— flat thrust rating

— flight rating

— instrument flight rating

— instrument rating

— knockrating

— lean mixture rating

— load rating

— maximal combat rating

— maximum continuous rating

— maximum cruising rating

— maximum rating

— military rating

— minimum rating

— normal rating

— pilot rating

— reheat rating

— rich-mixture knock rating

— sea-level thrust rating

— special emergency rating

— standard engine rating

— static maximum rating

— static rating

— static thrust rating

— takeoff rating

— ten-minute rating

— transport rating

— unboosted thrust rating

— war emergency rating

— weak-mixture knock rating

— wet thrust rating

Englsh-Russian aviation and space dictionary > rating
10 power

1) мощность

2) энергия || снабжать энергией

3) приводить в действие

4) источник энергии || служить источником энергии

5) матем. степень; показатель степени

6) способность; возможность

7) (оптическое) увеличение

8) производительность

•

power for machine rimpull — мощность, расходуемая на колёсную тягу;

to adjust idle power — возд. регулировать режим малого газа ( двигателя);

to augment power — возд. форсировать мощность ( двигателя);

to raise to a power — возводить в степень;

to set idle power — возд. выводить ( двигатель) на режим малого газа;

to set takeoff power — возд. устанавливать взлётный режим ( работы двигателей)

-
absorbed power
-
ac power
-
accepted power
-
acoustic power
-
active power
-
actual power
-
adhesion power
-
antenna power
-
apparent power
-
arc power
-
ash slagging power
-
asphalt-retaining power
-
atomic power
-
attractive power
-
auxiliary power
-
available power
-
average power
-
backscattered power
-
binding power
-
bleaching power
-
brake power
-
brake retarding power
-
brake stopping power
-
braking power
-
breakout power
-
bulking power
-
burnout power
-
caking power
-
calculated power
-
calorific power
-
caloric power
-
carrier power
-
carrying power
-
cementing power
-
central power
-
chemical power
-
chemical reaction power
-
coking power
-
coloring power
-
complex power
-
computer power
-
computing power
-
consumed power
-
contingency takeoff power
-
conventional power
-
cooling power
-
corona loss power
-
covering power
-
crowding power
-
cruising power
-
cutting power
-
dc power
-
decay power
-
delivered power
-
deoxidizing power
-
design power
-
detergent power
-
diesel motive power
-
digging power
-
dispersive power
-
dissipated power
-
dissolving power
-
drag power
-
dragging power
-
drawbar power
-
drawing power
-
drive power
-
drive train power
-
driving power
-
dry power
-
drying power
-
economy power
-
effective power
-
effective radiated power
-
electric motive power
-
electrical power
-
electric power
-
eluting power
-
elution power
-
elutive power
-
emergency power
-
emulsifying power
-
engine brake power
-
engine continuous brake power
-
engine corrected power
-
engine gross power
-
engine indicated power
-
engine intermittent brake power
-
engine maximum brake power
-
engine net power
-
engine observed power
-
engine peak brake power
-
engine power
-
engine rated brake power
-
equivalent noise power
-
equivalent radiated power
-
excess noise power
-
excess power
-
excitation power
-
extractive power
-
fault power
-
feedthrough power
-
felting power
-
firing power
-
firm power
-
fluid power
-
flywheel power
-
foaming power
-
focal power
-
forward power
-
fractional power
-
friction power
-
generating station auxiliary power
-
grammar power
-
gripping power
-
hair-wave power
-
hardening power
-
hauling power
-
heat power
-
hiding power
-
holding power
-
hot full power
-
hot zero power
-
hovering power
-
hydraulic power
-
hydroelectric power
-
hydro power
-
idle power
-
illumination power
-
imaginary power
-
in-band power
-
incident power
-
induced drag power
-
initial power
-
input power
-
installed power
-
instantaneous power
-
insulating power
-
integral power
-
interchange power
-
interference power
-
intermodulation product power
-
interruptible power
-
ionizing power
-
jet power
-
laser output power
-
laser power
-
lens power
-
leveling power
-
lifting power
-
light power
-
light-gathering power
-
like powers
-
load diversity power
-
load power
-
lubricating power
-
luminous power
-
magnet power
-
magnifying power
-
mains power
-
main power
-
man power
-
maximum continuous power
-
mean fluctuation power
-
mechanical power
-
melting-down power
-
minimum firing power
-
motive power
-
natural power
-
net power
-
no-break power
-
noise power
-
nominal power
-
noninterruptible power
-
normalized power
-
nuclear power
-
objective power
-
off-peak power
-
oil absorption power
-
on-peak power
-
operating power
-
optical power
-
out-of-band power
-
output power
-
peak envelope power
-
peak power
-
penetrating power
-
photovoltaic power
-
pneumatic power
-
polymerizing power
-
polyphase power
-
power of test
-
power takeoff power
-
prime power
-
processing power
-
profile drag power
-
propagation power
-
psophometric power
-
pull-in power
-
pulling power
-
pull-out power
-
pulse power
-
pumping power
-
purchased power
-
quenching power
-
radiant power
-
radiated power
-
radiation power
-
radio-frequency power
-
rated power
-
reactive power
-
real power
-
reducing power
-
reflected power
-
reflecting power
-
refrigerating power
-
relative power
-
required power
-
reserve power
-
resolution power
-
returned power
-
road power
-
saturation power
-
scattered power
-
shaft power
-
short-circuit power
-
signal power
-
slip power
-
solar array power
-
solution power
-
sorptive power
-
sound power
-
space power
-
space resolving power
-
specific power
-
spill power
-
spillover power
-
spring power
-
staining power
-
standby power
-
steam power
-
steaming power
-
stopping power
-
storage power
-
sudsing power
-
supplied power
-
surplus power
-
switch power
-
synchronizing power
-
takeoff power
-
tapping power
-
tensorial power
-
thermal power
-
thermoelectric power
-
thermonuclear fusion power
-
thickening power
-
third-rail power
-
threshold power
-
throughput power
-
thrust power
-
tidal power
-
total power
-
towing power
-
traction power
-
tractive power
-
true power
-
unconventional power
-
unintentional power
-
unit power
-
useful power
-
vector power
-
washing power
-
wasted power
-
wattless power
-
wetting power
-
wind power
-
withdrawing power

Англо-русский словарь технических терминов > power
11 MDE

1) Военный термин: Military Dynasty Elimination, manual data entry, missile display equipment

2) Техника: MAS data electronics, maximum design earthquake, modular design of electronics, modular display electronics, multiple data entry

3) Математика: мажоритарный элемент (majority-decision element)

4) Бухгалтерия: Minimum Distributor Earnings

5) Сокращение: Master of Domestic Economy, Midland Diving Equipment Ltd (UK), Modular Design Environment

6) Физиология: Major Depressive Episode

7) Фирменный знак: Multimedia Delivery Europe

8) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: maximum ductility event

9) Химическое оружие: Maryland Department of the Environment

10) Расширение файла: MDE database (Microsoft Access)

11) Должность: Master of Distance Education

12) Правительство: Michigan Department of Education, Mississippi Department of Education

13) Аэропорты: Medellin, Colombia

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > MDE
12 flight

полет; рейс; перелёт; звено; летательный аппарат ( в полете) ; ркт. стартовый комплекс; лётный; полётный; бортовой

1g flight — прямолинейный горизонтальный полет, полет с единичной перегрузкой, полет без ускорения или торможения

45° climbing inverted flight — набор высоты под углом 45° в перевёрнутом положении

45° climbing knife flight — набор высоты под углом 45° с боковым скольжением, подъём «по лезвию» под углом 45°

45° diving knife flight — пикирование под углом 45° с боковым скольжением, пикирование «по лезвию» под углом 45°

45° sliding flight — набор высоты под углом 45° с боковым скольжением, подъём «по лезвию» под углом 45°

45° sliding flight — пикирование под углом 45° с боковым скольжением, пикирование «по лезвию» под углом 45°

90° climbing flight — вертикальный подъём, отвесный набор высоты

air observation post flight — отряд самолётов-корректировщиков

altitude chamber indoctrination flight — тренировка в барокамере

break up in flight — разрушаться в воздухе [в полете]

continue flight to altitude — продолжать набор высоты

depart from the controlled flight — становиться неуправляемым в полете (о самолёте)

Doppler hold hovering flight — полет на висении со стабилизацией по доплеровскому измерителю скорости сноса

early in the flight — в начале полёта

flight at the controls — полет за рычагами управления (в качестве лётчика, пилотирующего самолёт)

flight in instrument conditions — полет по приборам

flight of the aircraft — звено самолётов или вертолётов

flight on the deck — бреющий полет, полет на предельно малой высоте

long term space flight — длительный космический полет

maximum gross takeoff weight flight — полет с максимальным взлетным весом

operate a scheduled flight — выполнять рейсовый полет

revert to level flight — возвращаться к режиму горизонтального полёта

revert to straight and level flight — возвращаться к прямолинейному горизонтальному полёту

solar escape velocity flight — полет с третьей космической скоростью

special aerial spray flight — специальный авиационный отряд по поливке с воздуха

transit to wingborne flight — переходить (от вертикального) к горизонтальному полёту

— abort the flight

— abortive flight

— accelerated flight

— acrobatic flight

— active flight

— actual flight

— administrative flight

— advertizing flight

— aerial flight

— aerobatic flight

— aerodynamic flight

— altitude flight

— approach flight

— around-the-world flight

— ascending flight

— ascent flight

— astronautic flight

— asymmetric flight

— atmospheric flight

— autorotational flight

— bad-weather flight

— ballistic flight

— bird's nesting flight

— blind flight

— boost glide flight

— boost phase flight

— boosted flight

— box-pattern flight

— bumpy flight

— calibration flight

— captive flight

— cargo flight

— chamber flight

— chapter flight

— chased flight

— check flight

— circular flight

— circular velocity flight

— circumlunar flight

— clean flight

— climbing flight

— coasting flight

— combat flight

— combat-ready flight

— compatibility flight

— constant-altitude flight

— constant-level flight

— contact flight

— continue the flight

— controllable flight

— controlled flight

— controls-fixed flight

— controls-free flight

— conventional flight

— coordinated flight

— coupled flight

— crew check flight

— cross-country flight

— crosswind flight

— cruising flight

— curvilinear flight

— dare flight

— dash flight

— data flight

— day light flight

— decelerating flight

— deep-space flight

— demonstration flight

— depart the flight

— descending flight

— developmental flight

— direct space flight

— discover inflight

— distance flight

— disturbed atmosphere flight

— divert flights

— diving flight

— docked spacecraft flight

— drag-free flight

— drifting flight

— drop flight

— duty battle flight

— earth orbital flight

— earth-escape velocity flight

— earth-orbital velocity flight

— economy-class flight

— endurance flight

— engine development flight

— engineering development flight

— engine-inoperative flight

— engine-off flight

— engine-on flight

— erratic flight

— escape-velocity flight

— exoatmospheric flight

— exploratory flight

— extended flight

— extended inverted flight

— extra-atmospheric flight

— extra-solar-system flight

— extreme-high-altitude flight

— extreme-low-altitude flight

— fam flight

— familiarization flight

— fast flight

— first-class flight

— first-stage flight

— flapping flight

— flat flight

— flight on instruments

— fog-seeding flight

— formation flight

— forward flight

— four-ship flight

— free flight

— free-lance flight

— free-rolling flight

— freighting flight

— full transition flight

— functional check flight

— glide flight

— global flight

— great-circle flight

— guided flight

— hands-off flight

— hazardous flights

— head-down flight

— head-up flight

— hedge-hopping flight

— high Mach flight

— high-altitude flight

— high-angle-of-attack flight

— high-level flight

— high-performance flight

— high-speed flight

— high-subsonic flight

— high-temperature flight

— horizontal flight

— hovering flight

— hypersonic flight

— hypervelocity flight

— IFR flight

— IMC flight

— indoctrination flight

— initial flight

— inspection flight

— instructional flight

— instrument calibration flight

— instrument flight

— intercontinental flight

— intergalactic flight

— interplanetary flight

— interstellar flight

— introduction flight

— introductory flight

— invasion flight

— inverted flight

— jet-borne flight

— jet-control flight

— joint manned flight

— knife edge flight

— knife flight

— level flight

— lighter-than-air flight

— local flight

— long-distance flight

— long-haul flight

— long-range flight

— loose formation flight

— low-altitude flight

— low-level flight

— low-Q flight

— low-speed-handling flight

— lunar orbit flight

— maiden flight

— maintenance test flight

— man-controlled flight

— maneuvering flight

— man-in-space flight

— manned flight

— mass flight

— maximum-power flight

— medium-altitude flight

— medium-level flight

— midcourse flight

— military evaluation flight

— military flights

— moon-landing flight

— motorless flight

— multiorbit flight

— nap-of-the-earth flight

— navigational training flight

— near-hovering flight

— night flight

— night scramble flight

— nolo flight

— noncritical flight

— nondata flight

— nonlevel flight

— nonpowered flight

— nonstabilized flight

— normal flight

— observational flight

— off-airway flight

— once-a-week flight

— one «g» flight

— one-burn flight

— one-power-unit-inoperative flight

— on-the-deck flight

— operational flight

— orbital flight

— orbital rendezvous flight

— orbital training flight

— orbital velocity flight

— out-and-return flight

— out-of-atmosphere flight

— overland flights

— oversea flight

— over-the-top flight

— partially jetborne flight

— passenger flight

— passive flight

— peak-traffic flights

— pending flight

— photographic flight

— photographic reconnaissance flight

— piloted flight

— pilotless flight

— pitch flight

— plan the flight

— point-to-point flight

— positive-g flight

— powered flight

— powerless flight

— power-off flight

— power-on flight

— practice flight

— practicing flight

— premanned flight

— presolo flight

— pressure suit flight

— pressurized cabin flight

— production test flight

— proficiency check flight

— proficiency flight

— programed flight

— prolonged flight

— propaganda flight

— propelled flight

— prototype first flight

— proving flight

— pullover flight

— q flight

— qualification flight

— quasisatellite flight

— radar evaluation flight

— radio-controlled flight

— reaction-control data flight

— reckless flight

— record-setting flight

— recovery flight

— rectilinear flight

— reentry flight

— refueling flight

— release for flight

— remote-controlled flight

— rendezvous flight

— return flight

— rhumb-line flight

— rocket flight

— rocket-beit flight

— rocket-boosted flight

— rocket-powered flight

— rolling flight

— rotary-wing flight

— rough-air flight

— round-robin flight

— round-the-world flight

— round-trip flight

— route flight

— route proving flight

— routine flight

— satellite flight

— scheduled flights

— scouting flight

— second-class flight

— second-stage flight

— separate flight

— shakedown flight

— short flight

— sideward flight

— sideways flight

— sightseeing flight

— single engine flight

— single-heading flight

— single-orbit flight

— six-plane flight

— slow flight

— smooth flight

— solo flight

— sonic flight

— space flight

— spacecraft group flight

— space-equivalent flight

— special VFR flight

— special-mission flight

— speed-record flight

— sporting flight

— stabilized flight

— steady flight

— steady-yaw flight

— stick-fixed flight

— STOL flight

— straight flight

— suborbital flight

— subsonic flight

— successful data flight

— supersonic flight

— supine-position flight

— sustain level flight

— symmetrkal flight

— tail wind flight

— terminal flight

— terminate the flight

— terrain-following flight

— terrestrial flight

— test flight

— third-stage flight

— three-burn flight

— through flight

— thrust supported flight

— tight formation flight

— total instrument flight

— towed flight

— towing flight

— training flight

— transatlantic flight

— transcontinental flight

— transient flight

— transition flight

— translation flight

— transonic flight

— transpacific flight

— transpolar flight

— transport flight

— tree-top flight

— triangular flight

— trimmed-out flight

— trouble-free flight

— tumbling flight

— turbine flight

— turnaround flight

— turning flight

— twice-weekly flights

— twin flight

— two-burn flight

— two-ship flight

— unaccelerated flight

— unassisted flight

— uncontrolled flight

— under-the-clouds flight

— unescorted flight

— unmanned reconnaissance flight

— unpowered flight

— unscheduled flight

— unstalled flight

— unsymmetrical flight

— upper-air flight

— upper-atmosphere exploratory flight

— upside-down flight

— upsun flight

— upward flight

— vectored flight

— VFR flight

— visual flight

— VMC flight

— VTOL flight

— warm-up flight

— weather flight

— weather observation flight

— weightless flight

— wing supported flight

— wing-down flight

— wingfolded flight

— wingless flight

— wings-level flight

— world flight

— yawed flight

— zero-gravity flight

— zoom flight

Englsh-Russian aviation and space dictionary > flight
13 global

прил.

1) общ. мировой, всемирный, глобальный ( распространяющийся на весь земной шар)

global war — мировая война

global network — всемирная сеть

global market — мировой рынок

Syn:

world 2. 1), world-wide

See:

global advertising, Global Affairs, global agreement, global bond, global brand, global capitalist, global company, global commodity chain, global competition, global competitor, global corporation, Global Corruption Barometer, Global Corruption Report, Global Depositary Receipt, Global Development Finance, global digital divide, global diversification, global economics, global economy, global financial system, global fund, Global Industry Classification Standard, global market, global market portfolio, global marketing, global mutual fund, global organization, global product, global product division, global quota, global retailer, global share offering, global society, Global System of Trade Preferences, Global System of Trade Preferences among Developing Countries, Global Trade Analysis Project, global value chain, global village, globalism, globalist, globalistics, globalization

2) общ. общий, всеобщий; всеобъемлющий, глобальный, рассматриваемый в целом ( распространяющийся на всю систему)

global changes — перемены, носящие глобальный характер

global disarmament — всеобщее разоружение

to take a global view of smth. — смотреть на [рассматривать\] что-л. со всех точек зрения

See:

, global custody, global extremum, global maximum, global minimum, global optimization, global optimum, global warming

Англо-русский экономический словарь > global
14 near cash

!

гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.

Introduction

This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.

Principles of the framework

The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:
"
consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;
" "
the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;
" "
strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and
"
the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.

The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:
"
the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and
"
the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.

Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.

Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)

The framework for public expenditure is divided between
"
Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and
"
Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.

More information about DEL and AME is set out below.

back to top

Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL)

In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.

To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.

Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.

Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.

There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.

Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME)

AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.

AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.

AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.

Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.

Total Managed Expenditure

Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.

back to top

Resource Accounting and Budgeting ( RAB)

Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets.
"
Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest.
"
Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:
"
Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and
"
Administration Budgets (see below)

Administration Budgets

The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.

Spending Reviews

The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.

The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.

Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.

The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:
"
provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;
" "
enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;
" "
introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and
"
not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.

back to top

Comprehensive Spending Review 2007

To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.

A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:
"
an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;
" "
an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;
" "
to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with
"
further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.

The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.

Obtaining good performance

Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.

The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.

Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.

Departmental Investment Strategies (DISs)

To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.

This document was updated on 19 December 2005.

Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money

————————————————————————————————————————

Page 5
"
GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money
"
————————————————————————————————————————

Page 6

GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money

————————————————————————————————————————

Page 7

GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.

————————————————————————————————————————

Page 8

64Managing Public Money

Англо-русский экономический словарь > near cash
15 ME

1) Общая лексика: МП (машиностроительное предприятие - machine-building enterprise)

2) Компьютерная техника: Microarray Expression, Multimedia Engineering

3) Медицина: myalgic encephalomyelitis (миалгический энцефаломиелит)

4) Спорт: Mental Error

5) Военный термин: Mission Environment, Munitions Effectiveness, magnitude estimation, main engine, management engineering, manpower estimate, manual of engineering, map exercise, measuring element, mechanical engineer, mechanical equipment, medium equipment, military education, military electronics, military engineer, military engineering, minimum elevation, miscellaneous equipment, missile electrician, mission envelope, mobility equipment, multi-engine, muzzle energy

6) Техника: maintenance effectiveness, master element, mean effective, meter, microelectronic, milliequivalent, milligram-equivalent, moisture content

7) Сельское хозяйство: mature equivalent, metabolizable energy, МКЭ (напр., в названиях препаративных форм пестицидов: Кинмикс, МКЭ), микрокапсулированная эмульсия

8) Шутливое выражение: Maximum Envy, Microsoft Exasperation, Migraine Edition, Mistake Edition, Music And Eats, Mutant Enemy

9) Математика: оценка момента (moment estimator)

10) Религия: Methodist Episcopal

11) Британский английский: нейромиастения (повышенная утомляемость)

12) Железнодорожный термин: Morristown and Erie Railway Incorporated

13) Юридический термин: Mostly Enraging

14) Страхование: Mobile Equipment (Вид страхования, включаемый в классификацию страхования технических рисков), Страхование передвижного оборудования

15) Биржевой термин: Montreal Exchange

16) Ветеринария: Metabolic Energy

17) Телекоммуникации: Mobile Equipment

18) Сокращение: Maine (US state), Maintenance Error, Manoeuvre Enhancement mode, Marine Engineering, Mass Effectiveness, Master of Education, Middle East, Most Excellent, marine engineer, marriage encounter, measuring equipment, mechanical efficiency, mechanical/electrical, medical examiner, mining engineer, miter end, molecular electronics

19) Физиология: Mental Efficiency, My Eye, Myalgic Encephalomyelitis

20) Вычислительная техника: Mapping Entity, архитектура сопроцессорных плат-акселераторов, процессор среды, Millennium Edition (MS, Windows)

21) Литература: Master Evaluator

22) Нефть: горный инженер (mining engineer), оборудование для технического обслуживания (maintenance equipment)

23) Банковское дело: Фондовая биржа Монреаля (Montreal Stock Exchange; Канада)

24) Воздухоплавание: Magnetic Estimation

25) Фирменный знак: Memory Express (Company)

26) СМИ: Media Engineering, Mobile Entertainment

27) Деловая лексика: Minimum Effort, My Effectiveness

28) Бурение: Ближний Восток (Middle East), Средний Восток (Middle East)

29) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: MEDT of Russia, Ministry of Economic Development and Trade of the Russian Federation

30) Образование: Management Evaluation, Marketing Education

31) Инвестиции: Montreal Stock Exchange

32) Сетевые технологии: media engine

33) Полимеры: maintenance equipment

34) Программирование: Method Entry, More Errors

35) Автоматика: manufacturing engineer, mechanical engineering

36) Контроль качества: maintenance of equipment

37) Сахалин Р: Ministry of Economy

38) Макаров: matastable evaporation

39) Молочное производство: Mercaptoethanol

40) Безопасность: Malicious Environment, Message Encryption

41) Расширение файла: Formatted manual page with me macros, MultiEdit Configuration, MultiEdit configuration (MultiEdit), Ascii text (READ.ME), Text file READ.ME

42) Нефть и газ: expected monetary value

43) Электротехника: magnetoelectric

44) Должность: Master Of Engineering

45) НАСА: Mission Engineer

46) Программное обеспечение: Microsoft Explorer, Millenium Edition, Millennium Edition

47) Федеральное бюро расследований: Memphis Field Office

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > ME
16 MEF

1) Военный термин: Major Equipment Files, Marine expeditionary force, Maximum Elevation Figure, Middle East Forces, maintenance efficiency factor, minimum essential facilities, minimum essential force, mortality enhancing factors

2) Техника: median energy of fission

3) Сокращение: Marine Expeditionary Force (USA), Ministry of Economy & Finance (Uruguay), Musicians Emergency Fund

4) Биотехнология: Molecule of equivalent fluorochromes, mouse embryonic fibroblast

5) Экология: mass emission factors

6) Программирование: Mask Error Factor

7) Нефть и газ: Manager of Fire Extinguishing, РТП, руководитель тушения пожара, Manager of Fire Fighting Operations, RTP

8) Аэропорты: Melfi, Chad

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > MEF
17 Me

1) Общая лексика: МП (машиностроительное предприятие - machine-building enterprise)

2) Компьютерная техника: Microarray Expression, Multimedia Engineering

3) Медицина: myalgic encephalomyelitis (миалгический энцефаломиелит)

4) Спорт: Mental Error

5) Военный термин: Mission Environment, Munitions Effectiveness, magnitude estimation, main engine, management engineering, manpower estimate, manual of engineering, map exercise, measuring element, mechanical engineer, mechanical equipment, medium equipment, military education, military electronics, military engineer, military engineering, minimum elevation, miscellaneous equipment, missile electrician, mission envelope, mobility equipment, multi-engine, muzzle energy

6) Техника: maintenance effectiveness, master element, mean effective, meter, microelectronic, milliequivalent, milligram-equivalent, moisture content

7) Сельское хозяйство: mature equivalent, metabolizable energy, МКЭ (напр., в названиях препаративных форм пестицидов: Кинмикс, МКЭ), микрокапсулированная эмульсия

8) Шутливое выражение: Maximum Envy, Microsoft Exasperation, Migraine Edition, Mistake Edition, Music And Eats, Mutant Enemy

9) Математика: оценка момента (moment estimator)

10) Религия: Methodist Episcopal

11) Британский английский: нейромиастения (повышенная утомляемость)

12) Железнодорожный термин: Morristown and Erie Railway Incorporated

13) Юридический термин: Mostly Enraging

14) Страхование: Mobile Equipment (Вид страхования, включаемый в классификацию страхования технических рисков), Страхование передвижного оборудования

15) Биржевой термин: Montreal Exchange

16) Ветеринария: Metabolic Energy

17) Телекоммуникации: Mobile Equipment

18) Сокращение: Maine (US state), Maintenance Error, Manoeuvre Enhancement mode, Marine Engineering, Mass Effectiveness, Master of Education, Middle East, Most Excellent, marine engineer, marriage encounter, measuring equipment, mechanical efficiency, mechanical/electrical, medical examiner, mining engineer, miter end, molecular electronics

19) Физиология: Mental Efficiency, My Eye, Myalgic Encephalomyelitis

20) Вычислительная техника: Mapping Entity, архитектура сопроцессорных плат-акселераторов, процессор среды, Millennium Edition (MS, Windows)

21) Литература: Master Evaluator

22) Нефть: горный инженер (mining engineer), оборудование для технического обслуживания (maintenance equipment)

23) Банковское дело: Фондовая биржа Монреаля (Montreal Stock Exchange; Канада)

24) Воздухоплавание: Magnetic Estimation

25) Фирменный знак: Memory Express (Company)

26) СМИ: Media Engineering, Mobile Entertainment

27) Деловая лексика: Minimum Effort, My Effectiveness

28) Бурение: Ближний Восток (Middle East), Средний Восток (Middle East)

29) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: MEDT of Russia, Ministry of Economic Development and Trade of the Russian Federation

30) Образование: Management Evaluation, Marketing Education

31) Инвестиции: Montreal Stock Exchange

32) Сетевые технологии: media engine

33) Полимеры: maintenance equipment

34) Программирование: Method Entry, More Errors

35) Автоматика: manufacturing engineer, mechanical engineering

36) Контроль качества: maintenance of equipment

37) Сахалин Р: Ministry of Economy

38) Макаров: matastable evaporation

39) Молочное производство: Mercaptoethanol

40) Безопасность: Malicious Environment, Message Encryption

41) Расширение файла: Formatted manual page with me macros, MultiEdit Configuration, MultiEdit configuration (MultiEdit), Ascii text (READ.ME), Text file READ.ME

42) Нефть и газ: expected monetary value

43) Электротехника: magnetoelectric

44) Должность: Master Of Engineering

45) НАСА: Mission Engineer

46) Программное обеспечение: Microsoft Explorer, Millenium Edition, Millennium Edition

47) Федеральное бюро расследований: Memphis Field Office

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Me
18 Mef

1) Военный термин: Major Equipment Files, Marine expeditionary force, Maximum Elevation Figure, Middle East Forces, maintenance efficiency factor, minimum essential facilities, minimum essential force, mortality enhancing factors

2) Техника: median energy of fission

3) Сокращение: Marine Expeditionary Force (USA), Ministry of Economy & Finance (Uruguay), Musicians Emergency Fund

4) Биотехнология: Molecule of equivalent fluorochromes, mouse embryonic fibroblast

5) Экология: mass emission factors

6) Программирование: Mask Error Factor

7) Нефть и газ: Manager of Fire Extinguishing, РТП, руководитель тушения пожара, Manager of Fire Fighting Operations, RTP

8) Аэропорты: Melfi, Chad

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Mef
19 me

1) Общая лексика: МП (машиностроительное предприятие - machine-building enterprise)

2) Компьютерная техника: Microarray Expression, Multimedia Engineering

3) Медицина: myalgic encephalomyelitis (миалгический энцефаломиелит)

4) Спорт: Mental Error

5) Военный термин: Mission Environment, Munitions Effectiveness, magnitude estimation, main engine, management engineering, manpower estimate, manual of engineering, map exercise, measuring element, mechanical engineer, mechanical equipment, medium equipment, military education, military electronics, military engineer, military engineering, minimum elevation, miscellaneous equipment, missile electrician, mission envelope, mobility equipment, multi-engine, muzzle energy

6) Техника: maintenance effectiveness, master element, mean effective, meter, microelectronic, milliequivalent, milligram-equivalent, moisture content

7) Сельское хозяйство: mature equivalent, metabolizable energy, МКЭ (напр., в названиях препаративных форм пестицидов: Кинмикс, МКЭ), микрокапсулированная эмульсия

8) Шутливое выражение: Maximum Envy, Microsoft Exasperation, Migraine Edition, Mistake Edition, Music And Eats, Mutant Enemy

9) Математика: оценка момента (moment estimator)

10) Религия: Methodist Episcopal

11) Британский английский: нейромиастения (повышенная утомляемость)

12) Железнодорожный термин: Morristown and Erie Railway Incorporated

13) Юридический термин: Mostly Enraging

14) Страхование: Mobile Equipment (Вид страхования, включаемый в классификацию страхования технических рисков), Страхование передвижного оборудования

15) Биржевой термин: Montreal Exchange

16) Ветеринария: Metabolic Energy

17) Телекоммуникации: Mobile Equipment

18) Сокращение: Maine (US state), Maintenance Error, Manoeuvre Enhancement mode, Marine Engineering, Mass Effectiveness, Master of Education, Middle East, Most Excellent, marine engineer, marriage encounter, measuring equipment, mechanical efficiency, mechanical/electrical, medical examiner, mining engineer, miter end, molecular electronics

19) Физиология: Mental Efficiency, My Eye, Myalgic Encephalomyelitis

20) Вычислительная техника: Mapping Entity, архитектура сопроцессорных плат-акселераторов, процессор среды, Millennium Edition (MS, Windows)

21) Литература: Master Evaluator

22) Нефть: горный инженер (mining engineer), оборудование для технического обслуживания (maintenance equipment)

23) Банковское дело: Фондовая биржа Монреаля (Montreal Stock Exchange; Канада)

24) Воздухоплавание: Magnetic Estimation

25) Фирменный знак: Memory Express (Company)

26) СМИ: Media Engineering, Mobile Entertainment

27) Деловая лексика: Minimum Effort, My Effectiveness

28) Бурение: Ближний Восток (Middle East), Средний Восток (Middle East)

29) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: MEDT of Russia, Ministry of Economic Development and Trade of the Russian Federation

30) Образование: Management Evaluation, Marketing Education

31) Инвестиции: Montreal Stock Exchange

32) Сетевые технологии: media engine

33) Полимеры: maintenance equipment

34) Программирование: Method Entry, More Errors

35) Автоматика: manufacturing engineer, mechanical engineering

36) Контроль качества: maintenance of equipment

37) Сахалин Р: Ministry of Economy

38) Макаров: matastable evaporation

39) Молочное производство: Mercaptoethanol

40) Безопасность: Malicious Environment, Message Encryption

41) Расширение файла: Formatted manual page with me macros, MultiEdit Configuration, MultiEdit configuration (MultiEdit), Ascii text (READ.ME), Text file READ.ME

42) Нефть и газ: expected monetary value

43) Электротехника: magnetoelectric

44) Должность: Master Of Engineering

45) НАСА: Mission Engineer

46) Программное обеспечение: Microsoft Explorer, Millenium Edition, Millennium Edition

47) Федеральное бюро расследований: Memphis Field Office

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > me
20 mef

1) Военный термин: Major Equipment Files, Marine expeditionary force, Maximum Elevation Figure, Middle East Forces, maintenance efficiency factor, minimum essential facilities, minimum essential force, mortality enhancing factors

2) Техника: median energy of fission

3) Сокращение: Marine Expeditionary Force (USA), Ministry of Economy & Finance (Uruguay), Musicians Emergency Fund

4) Биотехнология: Molecule of equivalent fluorochromes, mouse embryonic fibroblast

5) Экология: mass emission factors

6) Программирование: Mask Error Factor

7) Нефть и газ: Manager of Fire Extinguishing, РТП, руководитель тушения пожара, Manager of Fire Fighting Operations, RTP

8) Аэропорты: Melfi, Chad

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > mef

Страницы

См. также в других словарях:

maximum — 01. Currently, the [maximum] number of students in our classes in the English Language Program is 18. 02. The cost to repair your car should be no more than $500, [maximum]. 03. Ching wen obtained a score of 89 out of a [maximum] of 110 on the… … Grammatical examples in English
economy — 01. The Korean [economy] suffered a serious setback in the mid 1990s. 02. The vast majority of [economists] maintain that immigration benefits our country financially. 03. This part of the country is [economically] depressed because of the… … Grammatical examples in English
Maximum power principle — in Energy Systems Language adapted from Odum and Odum 2000, p. 38 The maximum power principle has been proposed as the fourth principle of energetics in open system thermodynamics, where an example of an open system is a biological cell.… … Wikipedia
Economy of Morocco — 100 Moroccan dirham Rank 54th Currency Moroccan Dirham (MAD) … Wikipedia
Economy of Germany — Downtown Frankfurt Rank 4th (nominal) / 5th (PPP) Currency … Wikipedia
Economy of Eritrea — Eritrean nakfa Rank 153rd Currency 1 nakfa (ERN) = 100 cent … Wikipedia
Economy of Liechtenstein — Economy overview:Despite its small size and limited natural resources, Liechtenstein has developed into a prosperous, highly industrialized, free enterprise economy with a vital financial service sector and living standards on a par with the… … Wikipedia
Economy of Rajasthan — Economy of RajasthanMacro economic trendRajasthan s gross state domestic product for 2004 is estimated at $33 billion in current prices.Unemployment and Poverty is widespread, state count among BIMARU states. Rajasthan is promoting Cultural… … Wikipedia
Maximum wage — A maximum wage, also often called a wage ceiling, is a legal limit on how much income an individual can earn.[1] This is a related economic concept that is complementary to the minimum wage used currently by some states to enforce minimum… … Wikipedia
Economy of the Republic of Ireland — The economy of the Republic of Ireland is modern and trade dependent with growth averaging a 7% per annum in 1995 ndash;2007. Agriculture, once the most important sector, is now dwarfed by industry, which accounts for 46% of GDP, about 80% of… … Wikipedia
Economy of the European Union — The economy of the European Union combines the economies of 27 member states and is generating an estimated nominal GDP of €12,581 billion ($18,493.009 in 2008) according to the IMF. It accounts for about 31% of the world s total economic output … Wikipedia

Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: со всех языков на русский

maximum economy

См. также в других словарях:

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: со всех языков на русский

maximum economy

См. также в других словарях:

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Прямая ссылка: